In the winter months of South Australia, these waters host one of the world’s most unique and spectacular wildlife events. From May to August each year, more than 250,000 Giant Cuttlefish migrate to the cold and rocky waters here to mate and then die. I lay amongst the seaweed, surrounded by hundreds of Giant Cuttlefish battling It out for the females hiding below. I watch two males eyeing each other up, their male dominance and need to mate overpowering their senses. The start of elaborate colour and shape-shifting show paired with intimidating skin displays began in front of my very eyes. Let the Fight begin!

In the 90’s these incredible animals were nearly wiped out due to overfishing. In the space of 3 weeks, 38 boats caught 270 tonnes of Giant Cuttlefish. In the years following their population dwindled to next to nothing. But due to conservation pressures a permanent ban on fishing for Giant Cuttlefish has been put in place in this area allowing them to bounce back to healthy numbers. And now instead of fishing them, we dive with them to enjoy their beauty and wonder.

Extreme scientific expedition to investigate the carbon dioxide sequestration capacity of one of the southernmost kelp forests in the world: Peninsula Mitre, Argentina.

To connect kelp forests with people sensitively, the sportswoman and professional freediver Camila Jaber, together with the underwater photographer Laura Babahekian, created artistic expressions on these southern forests.

Driven by climate change, a cascading series of events have tipped the balance of California's kelp forests over the past decade. Warm water events weakened kelp growth and disease decimated sea star populations. Purple sea urchins, starved by the decline of their favored food source - drift kelp - and emboldened by the loss of their sea star predator, emerged from their crevices to seek algae. As they roamed across the reefscape, they grazed through an already depleted forest, diminishing it further. In some areas the kelp was all but lost, replaced by purple fields of spines known as urchin barrens - a stable but less diverse ecosystem.

Alarmed by the erosion of their local ecosystem, citizens, organizations, and governments banded together to find solutions for a changing kelp forest. Their approaches and efforts vary, but they're united in their resolve to save the kelp forest they love.

Despite the dire circumstances, in some regions the kelp has stood against these environmental stressors. In central California, patches of forest have held strong even as they are interlaced with barren. And recent years of cold upwellings have supported an annual resurgence of young kelp, reinforcing these remaining strongholds in a new equilibrium.

Through everything, the native purple urchin has been vilified for its conspicuous role in the loss of kelp. But, like the kelp itself, the urchin belongs to the underwater forest and plays an essential role in this vibrant ecosystem. Ultimately the imbalance taking place is steered by the intangible forces of climate change - a shift both kelp and urchin are struggling to survive.

But if the forest has taught us anything, it's that nature is resilient. And in its resilience is a message of hope.

Crayweed, (Phyllospora comosa) is believed to have formed thick forests throughout Sydney’s coastal waters, as it naturally does along other parts of the NSW coastline. However, in the 1980s it largely disappeared without any documentation, likely due to high water pollution and untreated sewage outflow.

“Operation Crayweed” was formed to reverse this trend and is now a flagship project at the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, in collaboration with UNSW and the University of Sydney. Excitingly, the restoration works involve the local community in a collaborative effort to reintroduce this vibrant seaweed to Sydney's picturesque coastline.