Knowledge Hub

This Knowledge Hub brings together useful documents and resources from across the global community who are working to protect and restore kelp forests. Here we provide some of our favorites in the hopes that they will help you in your work.

We have also created a Kelp Restoration Guidebook which chronicles the lessons we've learned from kelp restoration projects undertaken around the world.

All Knowledge
Kelp in the News
Scientific Papers

Scientific Paper

1997 biological surveys of four Southern California artificial reefs: Oceanside# 2. and Mission Bay ParkJ. Kashiwada
Carlsbad, Pacific Beach.
https://aquadocs.org/handle/1834/18347

Related Projects:

+ 1 More

Scientific Paper

A High-Resolution Global Map of Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) Forests and Intertidal Green Algae (Ulvophyceae) with Sentinel-2 ImageryA. Mora-Soto, M. Palacios, E. C. Macaya, I. Gómez, P. Huovinen, A. Pérez-Matus
20/02/2020, Remote Sens, 4, Vol. 12, 2020, p.694.
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040694

Scientific Paper

A Metapopulation Perspective on the Patch Dynamics of Giant Kelp in Southern California D. C. Reed, B. P. Kinlan, P. T. Raimondi, L. Washburn, B. Gaylord, P. T. Drake
Marine Metapopulations, 2006, p.353.
https://doi.oirg/10.1016/B978-012088781-1/50013-3

Scientific Paper

A decision framework for evidence-based climate adaptation interventions M. A. Coleman, J. G. Bragg
31/10/2020, Global Change Biology, 3, Vol. 27, 2020, p.472.
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15429

Scientific Paper

A field test of porous carbonated blocks used as artificial reef in seaweed beds of Ecklonia cavaK. Oyamada, M. Tsukidate, K. Watanabe, T. Takahashi, T. Isoo, T. Terawaki
Developments in Applied Phycology, Vol. 2, 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9619-8_50

Scientific Paper

A field test of porous carbonated blocks used as artificial reef in seaweed beds of Ecklonia cava. SpringerK. Oyamada, M. Tsukidate, Takahashi Watanabe, Isoo T., T. Terawaki
Nineteenth International Seaweed Symposium.
https://doi.org/10.1007/sl0811-008-9332-6

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

A new approach to the restoration of seaweed beds using Sargassum fulvellumS.M. Jung, J.H. Lee, S.H. Han, W.B. Jeon, G.Y. Kim, J. Lee
Journal of Applied Phycology.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02054-y

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

A review of kelp bed management in southern CaliforniaK. Wilson
01/03/1983, Journal of the World Mariculture Society, 1-4, Vol. 14, 1983, p.345.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1983.tb00089.x

Scientific Paper

A review of protocols for the experimental release of kelp (Laminariales) zoosporesN. A. Alsuwaiyan, M. B. Mohring, M. Cambridge, M. A. Coleman, G. A. Kendrick, T. Wernberg
20/06/2019, Ecology and Evolution, 14, Vol. 9, 2019, p.8387.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5389

Scientific Paper

A structured approach for kelp restoration and management decisions in CaliforniaM. G. Gleason, J. E. Caselle, W. E. Heady, V. R. Saccomanno, J. Zimmerman, T. A. McHugh
https://www.scienceforconservation.org/assets/downloads/Kelp_StructuredDecisionMaking_Final_Report_April_2021.pdf

Scientific Paper

A study on Marine Algal Succession and Community in Pyramid–shaped Artificial ReefC.G. Choi, S.W. Jung, J.K. Ahn, Y. Shimasaki, I.J. Kang
http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2232291

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

A successful method of transplanting adult Ecklonia radiata kelp, and relevance to other habitat-forming macroalgae C. Layton, M. J. Cameron, V. Shelamoff, M. Tatsumi, J. T. Wright, C. R. Johnson
15/04/2021, Restoration Ecology, 5, Vol. 29, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13412

Scientific Paper

Absence of a large brown macroalga on urbanized rocky reefs around Sydney, Australia, and evidence for historical declineM. A. Coleman, B. P. Kelaher, P. D. Steinberg, A. J. K. Millar
30/07/2008, Journal of Phycology, 4, Vol. 44, 2008, p.897.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00541.x

Scientific Paper

Achieving carbon offsets through blue carbon: a review of needs and opportunities relevant to the Australian seafood industryM. A. Vanderklift, A. Steven, R. Marcos-Martinez, D. Gorman
01/12/2018, 2018.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330779877_Achieving_carbon_offsets_through_blue_carbon_a_review_of_needs_and_opportunities_relevant_to_the_Australian_seafood_industry

Scientific Paper

Addressing reproductive stochasticity and grazing impacts in the restoration of a canopy-forming brown alga by implementing mitigation solutionsG. Savonitto, G. DeLaFuente, E, Tordoni, S. Ciriaco, M. Srijemsi, G. Bacaro, M. Chiantore, A. Falace
Marine Freshwater Ecosystem, Vol. 31, 2021, p.1611.
http://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3555

Scientific Paper

Advances in restoration ecology: rising to the challenges of the coming decadesM. P. Perring, R. J. Standish, J. N. Price, M. D. Craig, T. E. Erickson, K. X. Ruthrof
07/08/2015, Ecosphere, 8, Vol. 6, 2015, p.1.
https://doi.org/10.1890/ES15-00121.1

Scientific Paper

Algal Succession on Different Substrata Covering the Artificial Iron Reef atIkata in Shikoku, JapanC.G. Choi, M. Ohno, C.H. Sohn
Algae, Vol. 21.
https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2006.21.3.305

Scientific Paper

Algal transplantation as a potential tool for artificial reef management and environmental mitigationA. Falace, E. Zanelli, G. Bressan
Bulletin of Marine Science, Vol. 78.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233528908_Algal_transplantation_as_a_potential_tool_for_artificial_reef_management_and_environmental_mitigation

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

An Assessment of Feasibility of Using High-calcium Quicklime as an Exerimental Tool for Research Into Kelp Bed-Sea Urchin Ecosystems in Nova ScotiaB. B. Bernstein, R. W. Welsford
01/01/1982, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 968, 1982.
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/mpo-dfo/Fs97-6-968-eng.pdf

Scientific Paper

An Automated Method for Mapping Giant Kelp Canopy Dynamics from UAV K. C. Cavanaugh, T. W. Bell, E. G. Hockridge
17/02/2021, Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.587354

Scientific Paper

An Oceanographic Investigation of Conditions in the Vicinity of Whites Point and Hyperion Sewage Outfalls, Los Angeles, California: 22 - 25 April 1954R. Revelle, C. Wheelock
https://books.google.com.au/books/about/An_Oceanographic_Investigation_of_Condit.html?id=guANAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y

Scientific Paper

Aquacultural Techniques for Creating and Restoring Beds of Giant Kelp, Macrocystis sppW.J. North
Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada, Vol. 33.
https://doi.org/10.1139/f76-129

Related Projects:

Scientific Paper

Are we ready for scaling up restoration actions? An insight from Mediterranean macroalgal canopiesL. Tamburello, Guarnieri Papa, Basconi G., S. Zampardi, M.B. Scipione, S. Fraschetti
PLOS ONE, Vol. 14, p.224477.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224477

Related Projects:

Scientific Paper

Artificial habitat in the marine environment. Resources Agency of California, Departament of Fish and GameJ.G. Carlisle, C.H. Turner, E.E. Ebert
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99n3p098

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Artificial reef plan for sport fish enhancementK.C. Wilson, R.D. Lewis, H.A. Togstad
https://aquadocs.org/bitstream/handle/1834/18310/Admin._report_No._90-15.pdf?sequence=1

Related Projects:

Scientific Paper

Artificial reefs: a review of their design, application, management and performanceM. Baine
Ocean and Coastal Management, 3-4, Vol. 44, 2001, p.241.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-5691(01)00048-5

Scientific Paper

Assessing the feasibility of restoring giant kelp forests in TasmaniaC. Layton, C. R. Johnson
19/07/2021, 2021.
https://www.nespmarine.edu.au/document/assessing-feasibility-restoring-giant-kelp-forests-tasmania-final-report

Scientific Paper

Assessing the potential for recovery of a Sargassum siliquastrum community in Hong KongY.H. Leung, C.W. Yeung, P.O. Ang
Journal of Applied Phycology, Vol. 26.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0097-1

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Assessment of genetic and phenotypic diversity of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, to support breeding programsC. Camus, S. Faugeron, A. H. Buschmann
01/03/2018, Algal Research, Vol. 30, 2018, p.101.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.004

Scientific Paper

Benthic Succession on an Artificial Reef Designed to Support a Kelp–Reef CommunityJ.W. Carter, A.L. Carpenter, M.S. Foster, W.N. Jessee
Bulletin of Marine Science, Vol. 37.
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1985/00000037/00000001/art00007

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Biosecurity policy and legislation for the global seaweed aquaculture industryI. Campbell, C. S. B. Kambey, J. P. Mateo, S. B. Rusekwa, A. Q. Hurtado, F. E. Msuya
Journal of Applied Phycology, 32, 2020, p.2133.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-02010-5

Scientific Paper

Bright Spots in Coastal Marine Ecosystem RestorationM. I. Saunders, C. Doropoulos, R. C. Babcock, E. Bayraktarov, R. H. Bustamante, A. M. Eger
21/12/2020, Current Biology, 24, Vol. 30, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.056

Scientific Paper

Bubble Curtains: Herbivore Exclusion Devices for Ecology and Restoration of Marine Ecosystems?S. Bennett, T. Wernberg, T. Bettignies
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol. 4.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00302

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Building chimeric kelps (Lessonia spp) to restock overharvested populations along central Chile. International Seaweed Symposium. 29 april- 3 may, Jeju, Korea. OR 28-5.González A.V., Tala F., Vásquez J, Santelices B
http://www.iss2022.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2019-ISS-ABSTRACT_BOOK.pdf

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Bull Kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) enhancement plots in the Salish SeaP. Shaw, W. Heath, Tomlin Watershed, Timmer H., undefined B., C. Schellenberg
01/11/2018, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26679.98720

Related Projects:

Scientific Paper

Bull Kelp Restoration in the Mendocino Region of Northern CaliforniaJ. Ray, T. A. McHugh, M. W. Esgro, K.Elsmore, J. Freiwald
apply for a D.O.I

Scientific Paper

Bull kelp cultivation handbookJ. E. Merrill, D. M. Gillingham
1991, 1991.
https://www.worldcat.org/title/bull-kelp-cultivation-handbook/oclc/30097119?referer=di&ht=edition

Scientific Paper

California Sea Grant, Kelp Recovery Research ProgramK. Leitzell
06/07/2020, 2020.
https://caseagrant.ucsd.edu/news/new-research-address-kelp-forest-crisis-california

Scientific Paper

Carbon assimilation and transfer through kelp forests in the NE Atlantic is diminished under a warmer ocean climateA. Pessarrodona, P. J. Moore, M. D. J. Sayer, D. A. Smale
03/06/2018, Global Change Biology, 9, Vol. 24, 2018, p.4386.
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14303

Scientific Paper

Centrostephanus Subsidy Program: Initial EvaluationK. Cresswell, J. P. Keane, E. Ogier, E. Yamazaki, S. Yamazaki
2019, 2019, p.26.
https://www.imas.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/1278971/NOV5_Subsidy-evaluation-report.pdf

Scientific Paper

Chiixuu Tll iinasdll, Nurturing Seafood to Grow, and Kelp Forest Restoration in Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, National Marine Conservation Area Reserve, and Haida Heritage SiteL. C. Lee, G. D. McNeill, P. Ridings, M. Featherstone, D. K. Okamoto, N. B. Spindel, A. W. E. Galloway, G.W. Saunders, E. M. Adamczyk, L. Reshitnyk, O. Pontier, M. Post, R. Irvine, Gulxa taa’a gaagii ng.aang N. Wilson, SG. K. V. Bellis
2022.
apply for a D.O.I

Scientific Paper

Chiixuu Tll iinasdll: Indigenous Ethics and Values Lead to Ecological Restoration for People and Place in Gwaii Haanas
Ecological Restoration.
https://er.uwpress.org/content/39/1-2/45.short

Scientific Paper

Chiixuu Tll iinasdll: Indigenous Ethics and Values Lead to Ecological Restoration for People and Place in Gwaii Haanas
Ecological Restoration.
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/793659

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Chiix̱uu Tll iinasdll: Indigenous Ethics and Values Lead to Ecological Restoration for People and Place in Gwaii Haanas
01/06/2021, Ecological Restoration, 1-2, Vol. 39, 2021, p.45.
https://doi.org/10.3368/er.39.1-2.45

Scientific Paper

Chimeric kelp: A methods to improve survival, growth and genetic diversity of seaweed cultivation and habi- tat restorationA. V. González, F. Tala, J. Vásquez, B. Santelices
2020.
https://seagriculture.eu/

Scientific Paper

Climate Change 2021 The Physical Science Basis
2021.
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_final.pdf

Scientific Paper

Climate change adaptation efforts for species may be antagonistic to natural evolutionary responsesJ. D. Gaitán-Espitia, A. Hobday
Global Change Biology, 3, Vol. 27, 2020, p.475.
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15359

Scientific Paper

Climate change cascades: Shifts in oceanography, species' ranges and subtidal marine community dynamics in eastern TasmaniaC. R. Johnson, S. C. Banks, N. S. Barrett, R. Cazassus, P. K. Dunstan, G. J. Edgar
30/04/2011, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 1-2, Vol. 400, 2011, p.17.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2011.02.032

Scientific Paper

Climate refugia for kelp within an ocean warming hotspot revealed by stacked species distribution modellingT. R. Davis, C. Champion, M. A. Coleman
01/04/2021, Marine Environmental Research, Vol. 166, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105267

Scientific Paper

Climate-driven regime shift of a temperate marine ecosystem T. Wernberg, S. Bennett, R. C. Babcock, T. De Bettignies, K. Cure, M. Depczynski
08/07/2016, Science, 6295, Vol. 353, 2016, p.169.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad8745

Scientific Paper

Coalescence in wild organisms of the intertidal population of Lessonia berteroana in northern Chile: Management and sustainability effects.D. C. Rodríguez, M. H. Oróstica, J. A. Vásquez
Journal of Applied Phycology, Vol. 26, 2014, p.1115.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0121-5

Scientific Paper

Comparison of Seaweed Transplantation Method to Reduce Grazing Pressure by Sea UrchinC.-W. Kwak, E.-Y. Chung, T.-Y. Kim, S.-H. Son, K.-Y. Park, Y. S., H.G. Choi
Korean Journal of Nature Conservation, Vol. 8.
https://doi.org/10.11624/kjnc.2014.8.1.032

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Comparison of rockfish recruitment of nearshore artificial and natural reefs off the coast of central CaliforniaE.M. Danner, T.C. Wilson, R.E. Schlotterbeck
Bulletin of Marine Science, Vol. 55.
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1994/00000055/f0020002/art00007

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Connectivity in a subtidal, habitat-forming macroalga with a fragmented distribution.M. A. Coleman, B. P. Kelaher
23/05/2011, PLoS One, 5, Vol. 6, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020168

Scientific Paper

Conservation challenges in urban seascapes: promoting the growth of threatened species on coastal infrastructuresS. Perkol-Finkel, F. Ferrario, V. Nicotera, L. Airoldi
Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 49.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02204.x

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Conspicuous decline of Fucus in Kiel Bay (Western Baltic): what are the causes?H. Vogt, W. Schramm
10/01/1991, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 69, 1991, p.189.
https://doi.org/10.3354/MEPS069189

Scientific Paper

Creation of rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats to mitigate for the construction of a large marina in Puget Sound, WashingtonD. Cheney, R. Oestman, G. Volkhardt, J. Getz
Bulletin of Marine Science, Vol. 55.
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/umrsmas/bullmar/1994/00000055/f0020002/art00040

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Cultivar Development of Kelps for Commercial Cultivation—Past Lessons and Future ProspectsF. Goecke, G. Klemetsdal, Å. Ergon
25/02/2020, Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00110

Scientific Paper

Current status and problems of isoyake in JapanD. Fujita
Bulletin of Fisheries Research Agency, Vol. 32, 2010, p.33.
https://www.fra.affrc.go.jp/bulletin/bull/bull32/33-42.pdf

Scientific Paper

DAMAGE AND RECOVERY IN INTERTIDAL FUCUS-GARDNERI ASSEMBLAGES FOLLOWING THE EXXON-VALDEZ OIL-SPILLA.P. Devogelaere, M.S. Foster
Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 106.
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps106263

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

DENSITY-DEPENDENT FORAGING IN THE SEA-URCHIN CENTROSTEPHANUS-RODGERSII ON SHALLOW SUBTIDAL REEFS IN NEW-SOUTH-WALES, AUSTRALIAN.L. Andrew, A.J. Underwood
Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 99.
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps099089

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Decadal trends in marine reserves reveal differential rates of change in direct and indirect effectsR. C. Babcock, N. T. Shears, A. C. Alcala, N. S. Barrett, G. J. Edgar, K. D. Lafferty
22/02/2010, 43, Vol. 107, 2010, p.18256.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908012107

Scientific Paper

Decision making in natural resource management: a structured, adaptive approachM. Conroy, and Peterson
Decision Making in Natural Resource Management: A Structured, Adaptive Approach .
https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Decision+Making+in+Natural+Resource+Management%3A+A+Structured%2C+Adaptive+Approach-p-9780470671757

Scientific Paper

Delayed recovery of giant kelp near its southern range limit in the North Pacific following El NiñoM.S. Edwards, G. Hernandez-Carmona
Marine Biology, Vol. 147.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1548-7

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Density-dependent feedbacks, hysteresis, and demography of overgrazing sea urchinsS. D. Ling, N. Kriegisch, B. Woolley, S. E. Reeves
01/02/2019, Ecology, 2, Vol. 100, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2577

Scientific Paper

Depletion of coastal predatory fish sub-stocks coin- cided with the largest sea urchin grazing event observed in the NE AtlanticK. M. Norderhaug, K. Nedreaas, M. Huserbråten, E. Moland
27/07/2020, Ambio, Vol. 50, 2020, p.163.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01362-4

Scientific Paper

Development of a transplantation technique of Cystoseira amentacea var. stricta and Cystoseira compressaM.L. Susini, L. Mangialajo, T. Thibaut, A. Meinesz
Hydrobiologia, Vol. 580.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0449-9

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Distribution models predict large contractions of habitat-forming seaweeds in response to ocean warming B. Martínez, B. Radford, M. S. Thomsen, S. D. Connell, R. Carreño, C. J. A. Bradshaw
01/10/2018, Diversity and Distributions, 10, Vol. 24, 2018, p.1350.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12767

Scientific Paper

Do Modified Habitats Have Direct or Indirect Effects on Epifauna? E. M. Marzinelli, C. J. Zagal, M. G. Chapman, A. J. Underwood
01/10/2009, Ecology, 10, Vol. 90, 2009, p.2948.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/25592829

Scientific Paper

Does restoration of a habitat-forming seaweed restore associated faunal diversity?A. Vergés, E. M. Marzinelli, M. R. Leong, A. H. Campbell, P. D. Steinberg
26/10/2015, Restoration Ecology, Vol. 24, 2015, p.81.
https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12292

Scientific Paper

Drift-kelp suppresses foraging movement of overgrazing sea urchinsN. Kriegisch, S.E. Reevesm E. B. Flukes, C. R. Johnson, S. D. Ling
27/06/2019, Oecologia, 3, Vol. 190, 2019, p.665.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04445-6

Scientific Paper

East San Pedro Ecosystem Restoration Study City Of Long Beach, California Integrated Feasibility Report And Environmental Impact Statement/ Environmental Impact ReportUnited States Army Corp of Engineers
https://www.spl.usace.army.mil/Missions/Civil-Works/Projects-Studies/East-San-Pedro-Bay-Ecosystem-Restoration-Study/

Scientific Paper

Ecology of seaweed beds on two types of artificial reefC.G. Choi, Y. Takeuchi, T. Terawaki, Y. Serisawa, Masao M., C.H. Sohn
Journal of Applied Phycology, Vol. 14.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022126007684

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Ecology of under story kelp environments. I. Effects of kelps on flow and particle transport near the bottom J. E. Eckman, D. O. Duggins, A. T. Sewell
22/08/1989, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2, Vol. 129, 1989, p.173.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(89)90055-5

Scientific Paper

Economic valuation of kelp forests in northern Chile: values of goods and services of the ecosystem J. A. Vasquez, S. Zuniga, F. Tala, N. Piaget, D. C. Rodriguez, J. M. Alonso Vega
10/10/2013, Journal of Applied Pycology, Vol. 26, 2014, p.1081.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0173-6

Scientific Paper

Ecosystem Flips, Locks, and Feedbacks: the Lasting Effects of Fisheries on Maine's Kelp Forest EcosystemR.S. Steneck, A. Leland, D.C. McNaught, J. Vavrinec
01/01/2013, Bulletin of Marine Science, 1, Vol. 89, 2013, p.31.
https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1148

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Ecosystem Flips, Locks, and Feedbacks: the Lasting Effects of Fisheries on Maine's Kelp Forest Ecosystem R. S. Steneck, A. Leland, D. C. McNaught, J. Vavrinec
01/01/2013, Bulletin od Marine Science - Miami, 1, Vol. 89, 2013, p.31.
https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2011.1148

Scientific Paper

Ecosystem effects of fishing in kelp forest communities M. J. Tegner, P. K. Dayton
01/06/2000, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 3, Vol. 57, 2000, p.579.
https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0715

Scientific Paper

Effect of foresting barren ground with Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnaeus) C. Agardh on the occurrence of coastal fishes off northern ChileM. Villegas, J. Laudien, W. Sielfeld, W. Arntz
Journal of Applied Phycology, Vol. 31.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-018-1657-1

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Effect of sea urchin human harvest in promoting canopy forming algae restorationL. Piazzi, G. Ceccherelli
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 219.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.028

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Effectiveness of Iron Fertilization for Seaweed Bed Restoration in Coastal AreasM. Yamamoto, T. Kato, S. Kanayama, K. Nakase, N. Tsutsumi
Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol. 15.
https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.16-080

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Effects of increasing water temperatures on survival and growth of ecologically and economically important seaweeds in Atlantic Canada: implications for climate changeK. L. Wilson, L. M. Kay, A. L. Schmidt, H. K. Lotze
05/11/2015, Marine Biology, Vol. 162, 2015, p.2431.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2769-7

Scientific Paper

Effects of ocean climate on spatiotemporal variation in sea urchin settlement and recruitment D. K. Okamoto, S. C. Schroeter, D. C. Reed
08/04/2020, Limnology and Oceanography, 9, Vol. 65, 2020, p.2076.
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11440

Scientific Paper

Effects of removing sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis): Stability of the barren state and succession of kelp forest recovery in the east AtlanticH.P. Leinaas, H. Christie
Oecologia, Vol. 105.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00330016

Related Project:

Scientific Paper

Effects of temperature and season on gonad growth and feed intake in the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)S. I. Siikavuopio, J. S. Christiansen, T. Dale
01/05/2006, Aquaculture , 1-4, Vol. 255, 2006, p.389.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.12.021

Scientific Paper

Effects of wave exposure on population structure, demography, biomass and productivity of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea.M. F. Pedersen, L. B. Nejrup, S. Fredriksen, H. Christie, K. M. Norderhaug
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